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#databases

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Why normalize databases?
Yesterday, my tutoring student asked me why databases need to be normalized at all. She said: “Wouldn’t it be easier to just have one big table with all the information?”

It’s a common first question when learning about relational databases.
At first, one big table (e.g. customer name, order date, product name, price) seems easiest.

I told her:
:blobcoffee: Because that quickly leads to data redundancy, anomalies, and integrity issues when inserting, updating, or deleting records.
:blobcoffee: Normalization means structuring data into separate, related tables, so that each fact is stored only once. This reduces redundancy & preserves consistency.

What's new with Postgres at Microsoft? The 2025 edition of our annual blog post is now live.

Over the past year, the team at Microsoft who work on Postgres has contributed across multiple fronts:

🛠️ New features in Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Flexible Server
🧠 Code contributions to Postgres 18 (including async I/O!)
📦 Open source work on the Citus extension
🌍 Contributions to the Postgres open source community—things like @posetteconf, helping make @pgconfdev happen, the Talking Postgres #podcast, and sponsoring #PostgreSQL conferences around the globe

This year's blog post includes a hand-made infographic that maps out the major workstreams—plus highlights, explanations, links, and shout-outs to some of the many people behind the work.

If you care about PostgreSQL—as a user, contributor, or fan—I hope you'll give it a read.

📝 Read the full blog post on Microsoft Tech Community: techcommunity.microsoft.com/bl

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Other govt #databases contain secret #whistleblower data. At the Dept of #Veterans Affairs, you’ll find granular #MentalHealth info on fmr service members, including notes from #therapy sessions, details about #medication, & accounts of substance abuse. Govt agencies including the #IRS, #FBI, #DHS, & Dept of #Defense have all purchased #cellphone-#location data, & possibly collected them, via secretive groups such as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

#Trump#law#privacy
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The federal govt is a veritable cosmos of #information, made up of constellations of #databases: The #IRS gathers comprehensive #financial & #employment info from every taxpayer; the Dept of Labor maintains the National Farmworker Jobs Program (NFJP) system, which collects the #personal info of many workers; #DHS amasses #data about the movements of every person who travels by air commercially or crosses the nation’s borders; the #DEA tracks license plates scanned on American roads.

Data security isn't sexy, I'll give you that. But in this climate, knowing how to do a backup of your database and storing it somewhere safe might be crucial to make sure what you know about your collection is preserved for future generations.

Start of a new series on #RegistrarTrek: Let's talk about Data Security

world.museumsprojekte.de/lets-

world.museumsprojekte.deLet’s Talk About Data Security – Backups | Registrar Trek: The Next Generation