How do we know that globular star clusters are the oldest structures of our universe? The answer is surprisingly fascinating.
Picture number 1 is my latest capture of the largest known globular cluster in the Northern Hemisphere: M13, which I believe contains approximately half a million stars.
Picture number 2 features pictures of 0.9 m Kitt Peak's Observatory telescope, together with images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope of another glob cluster: M4.
Well, it turns out that the HST could resolve, after many hours of exposures, the white dwarfs within the latter cluster. Not only that, but it could also analyze them using a technique known as spectroscopy, and determine in this way that these stars are approximately 12 to 13 billion years old.
This is not only useful for determining the cluster's age, but also for pinpointing the age of the entire universe. So, these tiny "insignificant" star remnants did us a big favor.